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Select Country: | |
| The World Fact Site | ||
| El Salvador |
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| Introduction | El Salvador |
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Background: |
El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. |
| Geography | El Salvador |
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Location: |
Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras |
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Geographic coordinates: |
13 50 N, 88 55 W |
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Map references: |
Central America and the Caribbean |
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Area: |
total: 21,040 sq km
water: 320 sq km land: 20,720 sq km |
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Area - comparative: |
slightly smaller than Massachusetts |
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Land boundaries: |
total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km |
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Coastline: |
307 km |
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Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 200 nm |
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Climate: |
tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands |
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Terrain: |
mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Pacific
Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m |
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Natural resources: |
hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land |
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Land use: |
arable land: 31.85%
permanent crops: 12.07% other: 56.08% (2001) |
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Irrigated land: |
360 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards: |
known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
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Environment - current issues: |
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes |
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Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note: |
smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea |
| People | El Salvador |
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Population: |
6,587,541 (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: 36.8% (male
1,237,262; female 1,185,750) 15-64 years: 58.1% (male 1,819,035; female 2,009,032) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 150,221; female 186,241) (2004 est.) |
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Median age: |
total: 21.4 years
male: 20.2 years female: 22.5 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate: |
1.78% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
27.48 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate: |
5.93 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
-3.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate: |
total: 25.93
deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 28.79 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 70.92
years male: 67.31 years female: 74.7 years (2004 est.) |
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Total fertility rate: |
3.2 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
0.7% (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
29,000 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
2,200 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality: |
noun: Salvadoran(s)
adjective: Salvadoran |
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Ethnic groups: |
mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9% |
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Religions: |
Roman Catholic 83%
note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador |
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Languages: |
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 10 and
over can read and write total population: 80.2% male: 82.8% female: 77.7% (2003 est.) |
| Government | El Salvador |
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Country name: |
conventional long form:
Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador |
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Government type: |
republic |
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Capital: |
San Salvador |
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Administrative divisions: |
14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan |
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Independence: |
15 September 1821 (from Spain) |
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National holiday: |
Independence Day, 15 September (1821) |
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Constitution: |
23 December 1983 |
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Legal system: |
based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch: |
chief of state:
President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma
DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of
state and head of government head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held NA March 2009) election results: Elias Antonio SACA elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8% |
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Legislative branch: |
unicameral Legislative Assembly
or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular
vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, PCN 15, PDC 5, CD 5 |
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Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) |
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Political parties and leaders: |
Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; United Democratic Center or CDU [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI |
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International organization participation: |
BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, DC FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834 telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671 chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador H. Douglas BARCLAY embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023 telephone: [503] 278-4444 FAX: [503] 278-5522 |
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Flag description: |
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band |
| Economy | El Salvador |
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Economy - overview: |
With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. GDP per capita is roughly only half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and the distribution of income is highly unequal. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances of almost $2 billion from Salvadorans living abroad and external aid. The government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the sluggish economy. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $30.99 billion (2003 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
1.4% (2003 est.) |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2003 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 9.4%
industry: 31.2% services: 59.3% (2003) |
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Investment (gross fixed): |
16.2% of GDP (2003) |
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Population below poverty line: |
48% (1999 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 39.3% (2001) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index: |
52.2 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
2.1% (2003 est.) |
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Labor force: |
2.62 million (2003) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
6.5% - but the economy has much underemployment (2003 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $2.434 billion
expenditures: $2.625 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) |
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Public debt: |
43.7% of GDP (2003) |
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Agriculture - products: |
coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products |
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Industries: |
food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
1.6% (2003 est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
3.729 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption: |
3.777 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports: |
44 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports: |
353 million kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production: |
0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
39,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports: |
NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports: |
NA (2001) |
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Current account balance: |
$-734 million (2003) |
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Exports: |
$3.162 billion (2003 est.) |
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Exports - commodities: |
offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity |
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Exports - partners: |
US 67.8%, Guatemala 11.5%, Honduras 5.9% (2003) |
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Imports: |
$5.466 billion (2003 est.) |
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Imports - commodities: |
raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity |
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Imports - partners: |
US 50%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 5.5% (2003) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: |
$2.061 billion (2003) |
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Debt - external: |
$6.575 billion (2003 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
total $252 million; $57 million from US (1995) |
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Currency: |
US dollar (USD) |
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Currency code: |
USD |
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Exchange rates: |
the US dollar is the legal tender |
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Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
| Communications | El Salvador |
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
752,600 (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
1,149,800 (2003) |
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Telephone system: |
general assessment: NA
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios: |
2.75 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
5 (1997) |
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Televisions: |
600,000 (1990) |
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Internet country code: |
.sv |
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Internet hosts: |
4,084 (2003) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
4 (2000) |
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Internet users: |
550,000 (2003) |
| Transportation | El Salvador |
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Railways: |
total: 283 km
narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2003) |
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Highways: |
total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways: |
Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004) |
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Ports and harbors: |
Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo |
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Merchant marine: |
none |
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Airports: |
73 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.) |
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Heliports: |
1 (2003 est.) |
| Military | El Salvador |
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Military branches: |
Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force |
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Military manpower - military age and obligation: |
18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 12-month service obligation; 16 years of age for volunteers (2002) |
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Military manpower - availability: |
males age 15-49: 1,571,299 (2004 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service: |
males age 15-49: 995,672 (2004 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age
annually: |
males: 69,993 (2004 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure: |
$157 million (2003) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP: |
1.1% (2003) |
| Transnational Issues | El Salvador |
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Disputes - international: |
in 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, and the OAS is assisting with a technical resolution of undemarcated bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ rejected El Salvador's request to revise its decision on one part of the bolsones; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf de Fonseca |
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Illicit drugs: |
transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise |
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